<p>The present study carried out a longitudinal study with the objective of knowing the influence of the Numeric Basic Capacities in the preschool childhood on the Arithmetic Capacities at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. The analysis showed that Counting and Visual Memory amounts are significant predictors of arithmetic performance in the three school grades. In addition, having low performance in the test Count amounts and Visual memory at the beginning of the 1st grade is a negative condition for acquiring the arithmetic in the first grades. The Basic Numeric Capabilities are independent and responsible for the development of Arithmetic Capacities in the first three grades of school. However, Visual Memory is another factor that directly and significantly influences the development of Arithmetic Capacities.</p>