<p>The conceptualization of temperament and the ways of evaluating it differ according to the proposed approaches and the population studied. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and analyze the publications about temperament in adults through a systematic review of Iberian American literature. Lilacs, Pepsic and Scielo bases were consulted, resulting in 41 studies analyzed. The results showed an increase of interest on the subject, being predominant Brazilian studies (70.73%), empirical and quantitative method (78.05%); Cloninger’s Inventory of Temperament and Character was the most used instrument for evaluation (29.27%). Regarding the objectives of each publication, 42.85% of the work was devoted to identifying relationships between temperament and mental disorders. The results present advances in adult temperament publications.</p>