<p>The zebrafish is an attractive animal model for the study of behavior, due to its low maintenance cost and the relative ease for implementing devices for experimental and comparative psychology. This paper reviews the literature on associative learning in zebrafish, with emphasis on aversive stimulation. The general characteristics and care of this species, as well as the most common procedures for conditioning under aversive stimulation, are also presented. It is concluded that the use of avoidance paradigms makes for a robust, easy to implement model, fit for the study of variables associated with learning and conditional discrimination.</p>