<p>Referenced by the Theory of Social Identity, the investigation aimed to identify the elements that compose the identity dimensions, based on belonging to the social category of rurality. Individual interviews were carried out with 200 members of four generations from a rural community, aged between 07 and 81 years old, conducted from a structured script. The data was analyzed using the varimax rotation method and the Descending Hierarchical Classification, respectively, with the aid of the SPSS and Alceste softwares. The results indicated antitheses that support oppositions between the two territories: (1) 'self-sustainability vs. capitalist mode of production', (2) 'equality vs. inequality', (3) 'familiarity vs. non-familiarity' and (4) 'happy life vs. sad life'. Strategies for maintaining the peasant social identity in the contemporary social context are discussed.</p>