<p>This study investigated the characteristics associated with suicidal behavior in adolescent users of psychoactive substances treated at a Brazilian mental health service. Information was extracted from the adolescents' medical records about sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, mental disorders, history of suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. We analyzed 93 medical records. The percentage of medical records containing a record of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with the variables: Female, Not Practicing Physical Activities, and Psychotropic Medication. There was a close association with Psychiatric Disorder Hypothesis. The history of suicide attempts was related to the variables of Female and Psychotropic Medication. There was a close association with not practicing physical activities. Studies with a larger sample size are still necessary, considering the role of intervening variables to confirm the results.</p>